Basilica of the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception Art
| Basilica of the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception | |
|---|---|
| National and Patronal Church of the Usa The (National) Basilica America's Catholic Church building | |
 Main facade of the Basilica of the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception (2010) | |
| Location of the Basilica of the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception in Washington, D.C. | |
| 38°56′0″N 77°0′02″Westward / 38.93333°North 77.00056°Westward / 38.93333; -77.00056 Coordinates: 38°56′0″N 77°0′02″Westward / 38.93333°N 77.00056°W / 38.93333; -77.00056 | |
| Location | Washington, D.C. |
| Country | United States |
| Denomination | Roman Catholic |
| Tradition | Roman Rite |
| Website | Basilica of the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception |
| History | |
| Status | Minor basilica, National shrine |
| Dedication | Immaculate Conception |
| Dedicated | November 20, 1959 (1959-11-20) |
| Consecrated | September 23, 1920 (1920-09-23) |
| Architecture | |
| Architect(s) | Maginnis & Walsh |
| Architectural blazon | Basilica |
| Style | Byzantine Revival and Romanesque Revival |
| Groundbreaking | April 20, 1924 (1924-04-20) |
| Completed | December viii, 2017 (2017-12-08) |
| Specifications | |
| Capacity | ten,000 (6,000 in the Great Upper Church; four,000 in the Crypt Church)[ane] |
| Length | 459 feet (140 grand)[ane] |
| Width | 240 feet (73 1000)[1] |
| Nave width | 157 feet (48 m)[1] |
| Height | 329 feet (100 m)[one] |
| Dome top (outer) | 237 feet (72 g)[i] |
| Dome height (inner) | 159 feet (48 m)[1] |
| Dome diameter (outer) | 108 anxiety (33 m)[1] |
| Dome diameter (inner) | 89 feet (27 1000)[ane] |
| Administration | |
| Archdiocese | Archdiocese of Washington |
| Clergy | |
| Archbishop | Wilton Daniel Gregory |
| Rector | Walter R. Rossi |
| Priest(s) |
|
| Laity | |
| Director of music |
|
| Organist(s) |
|
The Basilica of the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception is a large Cosmic minor basilica and national shrine located in Washington, D.C., United States, on 400 Michigan Avenue NE side by side the Cosmic University of America.
The shrine comprises the largest Catholic church building in Northward America, and ane of the largest in the world.[two] The basilica is as well the tallest habitable building in Washington, D.C.[3] [four] [5] Its construction of Byzantine Revival and Romanesque Revival architecture began on September 23, 1920, with renowned contractor John McShain and was completed on December eight, 2017, with the dedication and solemn approving of the Trinity Dome mosaic.
The Basilica is the national and patronal Cosmic church of the U.s.a.,[3] honoring the Immaculate Conception as Patroness, accorded past Pope Pius 9 in 1847. Pope Pius Xi donated a mosaic rendition of the epitome in 1923. The shrine has merited several papal visits, namely the following:
- Pope John Paul II raised the National Shrine to the condition of Small-scale Basilica on October 12, 1990.
- Pope Benedict 16 bestowed a Gold Rose on April 16, 2008.
- Pope Francis canonized Saint JunÃpero Serra, O.F.M., on September 23, 2015.
The Basilica does non have its own parish community, but serves the adjacent Cosmic University of America, the United States Conference of Cosmic Bishops, and hosts numerous Masses for various organizations of the Church from across the United States. The basilica is not the cathedral church of the Archdiocese of Washington, as that title and honor belongs to the Cathedral of St. Matthew the Apostle.
The shrine'due south rector is the Reverend Monsignor Walter R. Rossi.
Compages [edit]
The detail of the grand facade of the basilica
The basilica houses 81 Marian chapels (including the Our Mother of Africa Chapel), likewise as other sacred images, flanking the sides of the Great Upper Church and the Crypt Church building.[6] They were designed to reflect the origins of Catholic Americans and the religious orders whose generosity erected them.
Its Greek-styled interior is crowned with numerous domes decorated in mosaics, similar to the Basilica of St. Mark in Venice, Italy, but much larger. The mosaics feature American renditions of traditional Cosmic images. Artist January Henryk De Rosen, who presided over the shrine'south iconography commission was as well responsible for much of its decor, including composing the large mosaic over the northern apse.
The exterior of the basilica is 459 ft (140 m) long, 240 ft (73 g) wide, and 237 ft (72 m) tall to the height of the cross on the dome. The outside area of the basilica is 10,234 m2 (110,158 sq ft).[1] [seven] The diameter of the principal dome (the Trinity Dome) of the basilica is only vii ft (ii m) smaller than that of the dome of the The states Capitol. The interior area of the basilica is 7,097 g2 (76,391 sq ft) for the Great Upper Church, and 12,069 10002 (129,910 sq ft) for the Lower Level and Crypt Church, for a grand total of 19,166 g2 (206,301 sq ft).[1]
The shrine was congenital in the fashion of medieval churches, relying on masonry walls and columns in identify of structural steel and reinforced concrete. It was designed to hold 10,000 worshipers and includes modern amenities such equally a basement cafeteria, subconscious public address speakers to carry voice communication at the altar to the rear of the building, air workout and the largest radiant heating slab in the world (in 1959).[8]
In that location are arches outlined with iridescent Pewabic Pottery tile, big ceramic medallions set in the ceiling, and fourteen Stations of the Cross in the Catacomb Church building.[9]
History [edit]
Patronage of the Immaculate Conception [edit]
In 1792 John Carroll, the bishop of Baltimore and the U.s.'s showtime Cosmic bishop, consecrated the newly created Usa under the protection of the Blest Virgin Mary under the championship of the Immaculate Conception. In 1847, the 7th Provincial Councils of Baltimore reiterated this episcopal choice to name the championship Virgin Mary, conceived without sin as the principal patroness of the land. Pope Pius IX formalized the decision on February 7, 1847, and it was published on July 2, 1847.
Structure (20th Century) [edit]
Grave of Bishop Shahan, founder of the Shrine
Bishop Thomas Joseph Shahan, the 4th rector of The Cosmic University of America in Washington, proposed the construction of a national shrine to commemorate the Immaculate Conception in the state'southward upper-case letter. Bishop Shahan took his appeal to Pope Pius X on August xv, 1913.[10]
Shahan received the pope's enthusiastic support and personal contribution of US$400 ($x,000 adjusted for inflation)[ citation needed ]. Shahan returned to the United States and persuaded the lath of trustees of The Catholic Academy of America to donate state at the southwest corner of the campus for his shrine.
In January 1914, Shahan published the get-go event of Salve Regina, a newsletter meant to stir enthusiasm for his project. He wrote that the shrine would be a "monument of dear and gratitude, a great hymn in stone equally perfect as the fine art of man can make information technology and equally holy as the intentions of its builders could wish it to exist." His newsletter was circulated to dioceses throughout the country and financial donations began to pour into Washington. In 1915, Shahan appointed Father Bernard McKenna of Philadelphia as get-go manager of the national shrine. Shahan oversaw the structure of the shrine until his death on March 9, 1932. His are the only remains interred at the basilica/national shrine.
By 1919, Shahan and McKenna chose architectural drawings by the Boston firm of Maginnis & Walsh for construction of the national shrine. Initially, they considered a traditional Neo-Gothic architectural style, just Shahan opted instead for a Byzantine Revival-Romanesque Revival design.[11] On May 16, 1920, Archbishop Giovanni Bonzano, Churchly Nuncio to the The states of America, celebrated Mass and blest the site of the future National Shrine. On September 23, 1920, Primal James Gibbons, archbishop of Baltimore, blessed the foundation stone. More than than 10,000 people attended the Mass, including ambassadors, government officials, and armed forces officers. On April 20, 1924, the first public mass always offered at the shrine was held in the unfinished Catacomb Church. In 1932, the decease of Bishop Shahan and the Keen Depression halted the construction higher up the Crypt Church level. The beginning of American involvement in Earth State of war 2 stalled plans even further, and structure was not resumed until 1954.
Subsequently the state of war, in 1953, American bishops under the leadership of John Noll, archbishop ad personam of Fort Wayne, and Patrick O'Boyle, archbishop of Washington, pledged to raise the funds necessary to complete the Great Upper Church of the national shrine. On November 15, 1954, piece of work was resumed on building the shrine, and on Nov twenty, 1959, thousands of Catholics gathered with the bishops for the dedication of the Corking Upper Church building.
Since 1968, the Papal Tiara of Pope Paul Half dozen has been on display inside the Crypt Church.[12]
On October 12, 1990, Pope John Paul Two raised the national shrine to the status of minor basilica. The papal bull was signed and notarized by Key Agostino Casaroli. It is the 36th designated basilica inside the United states.
Completion (21st Century) [edit]
Interior view of the basilica's choir and sanctuary
In August 2006, piece of work was completed on a mosaic covering the Redemption Dome in the Great Upper Church. Following its completion in the summer of 2007, the Incarnation Dome was blessed on November 17, 2007.[xiii] A small chapel on the Crypt Church building level honoring Our Lady of La Vang (Vietnam) was completed in 2006.[14]
In 2008, during his trip to the U.s., Pope Benedict XVI bestowed the Golden Rose upon the Basilica of the National Shrine of the Immaculate Formulation.[15]
In June 2011, a new chapel dedicated to Our Lady of Lebanon was erected inside the basilica, commemorating the fidelity of the Maronite Church building and its true-blue. A mosaic of Saint Maroun and the Crucifixion was copied from the 6th-century Rabboula Maronite manuscript, and was donated by Cardinal Donald Wuerl. The chapel was formally consecrated past Maronite Bishop Gregory J. Mansour on September 23, 2011.[16]
On January 26, 2013, the basilica held a televised thanksgiving Mass and enshrined ii first class relics of Americans Kateri Tekakwitha and Marianne Cope, who were both canonized October twenty, 2012.[17]
Pope Francis visited the shrine on September 23, 2015, and historic a Mass for the canonization of JunÃpero Serra, O.F.Yard., on the mall of the Catholic University of America. The altar, ambo, and chair used for this Mass match the existing marble in the basilica. After the Mass, the papal altar was placed in front of the High Altar, and is at present used as the altar in the Great Upper Church building.[eighteen]
On February 20, 2016, the Basilica was the site of the funeral Mass of US Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia at which his son Fr. Paul Scalia was the celebrant.[19]
The last architectural element was completed with the installation of the 24 tons of Venetian drinking glass in the central Trinity Dome, one of the largest mosaics of its kind in the world. On December eight, 2017, the Feast of the Immaculate Conception, the dome was dedicated and solemnly blessed by Cardinal Donald Wuerl.[20]
Priests of the Basilica [edit]
- Reverend Monsignor Walter R. Rossi—Rector
- Reverend Monsignor Vito A. Buonanno—Director of Pilgrimages
- Reverend Ismael Due north. Ayala—Director of Liturgy
- Reverend Raymond A. Lebrun, OMI—Spiritual Director
Staff of the Basilica [edit]
- Mr. Daniel MacGregor—Comptroller and CFO
- Dr. Geraldine Yard. Rohling, Ph.D., G.A.Ed.—Archivist-Curator Emerita
- Dr. Peter J. Latona, D.M.A.—Director of Music
- Mrs. Dee Steel—Manager of Company Services
- Mrs. Jacquelyn Hayes—Managing director of Communications
- Mrs. Amy Maloney—National Shrine Shops Managing director
- Dame Valencia Yvonne Camp DGCHS—Director of Special Events and Operations Manager
Gallery [edit]
Exterior [edit]
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The basilica viewed from the side
-
Item of the dome
-
Bell belfry
-
The basilica under lighting
Panoramic view from the Cosmic University Mall
Interior [edit]
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View of the basilica'due south Groovy Upper Church nave
-
View of the basilica's Crypt Church nave
-
Stained glass window in the basilica
-
Bishop'south vesting altar in the Great Upper Church sacristy
-
-
Golden Rose bestowed past Pope Benedict XVI
Panoramic view of the nave
Panoramic view of the apse
See likewise [edit]
- Mary, Protector of Faith Sculpture in Mary'due south Garden
- Top Catholic pilgrimage destinations in the The states
- Ukrainian Catholic National Shrine of the Holy Family
- List of basilicas
- List of the Roman Catholic cathedrals of the United States
- List of the Roman Catholic dioceses of the United States
- List of tallest domes
- Franciscan Monastery of the Holy Land in America
References [edit]
- ^ a b c d due east f chiliad h i j k "Architectural Details of the Basilica" (PDF). National Shrine . Retrieved July 24, 2019.
- ^ "20 Largest Churches in the Earth". Wander . Retrieved July 28, 2020.
- ^ a b "Basilica of the National Shrine of the Immaculate Formulation". National Shrine. Archived from the original on February 3, 2009. Retrieved July 23, 2011.
- ^ "The National Shrine". SkyscraperPage.com. Archived from the original on October 5, 2008. Retrieved July 23, 2011.
- ^ The Washington Monument is a taller structure, (though it stands at a lower summit) but is not a habitable building.
- ^ Clay, Jennifer (Apr 2005). "National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on Apr xx, 2012.
- ^ "Architectural Fashion". National Shrine of the Immaculate Formulation. Archived from the original on February 8, 2009. Retrieved March 24, 2009.
- ^ "National Catholic Shrine Will be Defended Nov. twenty". Reading Hawkeye. United Press International. November viii, 1959. Retrieved July 23, 2011.
- ^ Bruner, Lousie (July 5, 1977). "Historian, Print Specialist Begin Museum Duties". The Blade. Toledo. Retrieved July 23, 2011.
- ^ Morgan, David G.; Promey, Sally Yard. (2001). The Visual Culture of American Religions. University of California Press. p. 76. ISBN978-0-520-22522-0.
- ^ Morgan (2001), p. 79.
- ^ Dugan, George (December 1, 1964). "Spellman's Surprise: Pope'southward Tiara Is Here". The New York Times . Retrieved Feb 24, 2017.
- ^ McLaughlin, Moira (June 23, 2007). "A Work of Art in Many Pieces". The Washington Mail service . Retrieved July 23, 2011.
- ^ Black, Meredith (June 27, 2008). "Vietnamese Catholics Gather at National Shrine to celebrate their organized religion". Cosmic Standard. Washington. Retrieved July 23, 2011.
- ^ "Pope, United states bishops exchange gifts" (Press release). CatholicCulture.org. April 17, 2008. Retrieved July 23, 2011.
- ^ Szczepanowski, Richard (September 26, 2011). "New chapel dedicated to Our Lady of Lebanese republic at national shrine". The Catholic Review. Baltimore. Retrieved September half dozen, 2020.
- ^ Sparke, Andy (July 23, 2013). "Native Americans gloat organized religion, spirituality at Tekakwitha gathering". The Catholic Sunday. Phoenix. Catholic News Service.
- ^ Mena, Adelaide (June 8, 2015). "An altar for Pope Francis: CUA students' design to enliven DC Mass". Cosmic News Agency. Retrieved September 1, 2018.
- ^ Wolf, Richard; Korte, Gregory (Feb 20, 2016). "At funeral Mass, Justice Scalia eulogized every bit a man of faith as well as police". The states Today.
- ^ Samber, Sharon (December ix, 2017). "Afterwards a century, the largest Catholic church in North America is finally complete". USA Today . Retrieved Dec 10, 2017.
Further reading [edit]
- Tucker, Gregory W. (February 1, 2000). America's Church: The Basilica of the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception. Our Sunday Visitor. ISBN978-0-87973-700-nine.
External links [edit]
- Official website
- Historic American Buildings Survey (HABS) No. DC-859, "Basilica of the National Shrine of Immaculate Formulation, 400 Michigan Avenue North.Due west., Washington, District of Columbia, DC"
- Basilica of the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception: Photo Gallery by The Catholic Photographer
- Sculpture on the exterior of the Basilica (more than than 100 pieces) Archived July 30, 2012, at the Wayback Car
- www.stainedglassphotography.com – images of the artwork in the Basilica
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basilica_of_the_National_Shrine_of_the_Immaculate_Conception
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